The calculation method of microcosmic starting pressure gradient is put forward based on the model of pipe flowing and rheological behaviour of conventional heavy oil.
利用微观尺度管流模型，结合普通稠油流变特征，提出了在考虑稠油流变性条件下微观启动压力梯度计算方法。
This method can be used for conventional heavy oil reservoir to calculate ultimate drainage radius and reasonable well spacing through starting pressure gradient.
将研究结果应用于普通稠油油藏，给出了利用启动压力梯度确定极限泄油半径及合理井距的理论计算方法。
High energy heavy ions generate potential tracks on the face of insulated material, and a porous surface with gradient refractive index can be formed by etching the ion tracks.
高能重离子在绝缘材料表面产生的潜径迹经过蚀刻后形成一定形貌的核径迹孔，而密集的径迹孔表面相当于渐变折射率层。
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